Illegal Sand Extraction Threatens São Vicente's Economy and Environment

São Vicente is facing significant economic and environmental challenges due to clandestine sand extraction, as formal extraction sites are unavailable. The closure of the Morro Branco extraction zone by the National Directorate of Environment, followed by a brief and unsuccessful attempt at a site in Salgadin, has created a vacuum exploited by uncontrolled sand harvesting. This situation is particularly critical as the construction sector is experiencing a boom.

Truck drivers, like Amândio Lima and Eduardo Santos, acknowledge the illegal extraction but point to the lack of legal alternatives. They suggest that sand could be extracted from areas away from the coast without harming biodiversity, but express concern over some drivers damaging beaches. Both drivers call for legal extraction points, emphasizing that beaches are vital for tourism, wildlife like turtles, and coastal protection. They believe designated areas in the North, far from the sea, could be opened with proper access.

Construction professionals are experiencing severe supply chain disruptions. Pedro Silva, a site manager, reports delays of one to two days for sand deliveries, impacting worker productivity and project timelines. He notes a total scarcity of qualified labor and construction materials, including aggregate, as companies struggle to meet demand. Civil engineer Aldino Rodrigues confirms that the sand shortage is hindering construction progress, potentially causing delays in project completion and straining the industry's ability to keep pace with the growing real estate market.

While mechanical sand, produced from crushed stone, is proposed as an alternative, it is not readily accepted by all, particularly truck drivers, due to potential difficulties in its application for traditional construction methods. Rodrigues suggests it is the only viable long-term solution, noting its widespread use in other markets and the need to train local workers.

Environmentalists are raising alarms about the devastation of sensitive coastal zones. Tommy Melo, president of Biosfera, has documented evidence of sand extraction occurring in turtle nesting areas, exposing turtle eggshells from previous seasons and removing nesting grounds. He highlights the degradation of a beach used for generations, impacting not only the environment but also cultural and traditional heritage. Melo stresses that responsibility extends beyond the extractors to include construction site managers who accept illegally sourced sand and the authorities responsible for clear and cohesive sand extraction policies.

Cabo Verdean law, specifically Decree-Law No. 18/2016, prohibits sand extraction from beaches, dunes, coastal strips, and territorial waters up to 20 meters deep, with exceptions requiring authorization based on environmental impact studies. The Maritime Institute (IMP) acknowledges the illegal practice and faces enforcement challenges due to limited inspection teams, relying on the Maritime Police for oversight. The National Directorate of Environment has not responded to inquiries.